Network Addressing Protocol

Addressing IP version 4
In networking, IP addressing is very important because this addressing is the identification of a machine on the network so that it has a unique identity. For this article I only discuss IPv4 (IP vession) 4) IP addressing is addressing for networks for layer 3 on the OSI model.IPv4 addresses consist of 32 bits and are written in dotted-decimal form. Dotted-decimal is writing using "." (Dot / dot) as a separator between parts of one another, eg 192.168.10.15. Each part consists of 1 byte (8 bits) and is called an octet. In this ipv4, this 32 bit address is separated into 2 parts, namely "Network Address" and "Host Address". Network portion is the identity of a set of hosts where only the host portion of the address has the same host can communicate with each other. While the host portion is a unique identity possessed by a machine which is his identity.

Classes on IP version 4

1. Class A with the composition network.host.host.host, so that the address range has from 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255
2. Class B with the composition network.network.host.host, so that the address range has from 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
3. Class C With the network.network.network.host composition, so that the address range has from 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
4. Class D used for multcast addresses, the range used is 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
5. Class E used for research, the range used is 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255

Use of IP version 4

In its use, IPv4 is divided into 2, namely:

• Public IP, which is IP that can be passed on an Internet network, is limited in nature and cannot be duplicated (unique candidate).
• Private IP, i.e. IP that cannot be passed on an Internet network (only works on 'local' networks). Private IPs can be duplicated but must be on a different network

Charging IP version 4 in the window

1. Enter "Control Panel"
2. Select "Network and Internet"
3. Choose "Network and Sharing Center"
4. Select "Change Adapter Settings"
5. Right-click on the ethernet icon, like the example below
   
6. Select "properties"
7. Double click on the "internet protocol version (TCP / IPV4)" as shown below.
   
8. Select "Use the following IP address" as shown below
   
9. Fill in the IP address, as shown below
   

Subnetting

Subnetting is a technique to break networks into smaller subnetworks. Subnetting can only be done on class A IP addresses, class B IP Addresses and Class C IP Addresses. Subnetting will create additional networks, but reduce the maximum number of hosts in each network.

The objectives of subnetting are as follows:

• To streamline addressing.
• Divide one network class over a number of subnetworks by means of dividing a network class into smaller parts.
• Placing a host, whether on one network or not.
• To overcome the problem of hardware differences with the physical topology of the network.
• To streamline the allocation of IP Address on a network in order to maximize the use of IP Address.
• Overcoming the problem of differences in physical hardware and media used in a network, because IP routers can only integrate various networks with different physical media if each network has a unique network address.
• Improve security and reduce congestion due to too many hosts in a network.

Terms in subnetting

• The network address of an IP address is used to represent a group of hosts that are joined to a network. Its function is to mark a network so that it can be distinguished from other networks.
• Broadcast address address that is used by an IP address to send packets to all hosts on a network / LAN.
• The subnet mask is an IP address that can describe the number of hosts on a network.
• Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) is used to allocate the number of addresses in a particular block.
• Number of subnets Formula (2 rank n), n = number 1
• Number of IP addresses / subnet Formulas (2 powers n), n = number 0
• Valid host / valid IP address, IP address that can be used by the host. Formula (2 powers n) -2, n =

CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)

CIDR is used to simplify writing subnet mask notation to make it more concise than writing real subnet mask notation. To use CIDR address notation on classful addresses in class A are / 8 to / 15, class B is / 16 to / 23, and class C is / 24 to / 28. The CIDR / 31 and / 32 subnet mask is never in a real network.

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